Confrontation Between Objective and Subjective Worlds in Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time

Abstract

Irrespective of irreversible civilization progress and high level of scientific-technological development, the issue of interrelation between existence in the society and individual’s existence became problematic and ambiguous.Many people have considered the issue of existence in philosophy. This word implied something original, origin of all other existing, but Martin Heidegger (1889-1979) seeks something essentially different. Hence, he has to use the term “being” [existence] attributing a new meaning to it. His main goal was clarification of the essence of existence. Philosophical vision of the mentioned problem is of critical necessity for our today’s life, as reappraisal of values has caused numerous unresolved problems to our society. The issue of responsibility for the world, whether consciously or unconsciously, became very significant. Regarding the above, it would be interesting to look through, one more, the points of Martin Heidegger’s “Being and Time” providing signifi cant fi ndings and views with respect of the issues interesting for us.

At the society’s scale, the life always progresses in certain direcƟ on and with certain orientation, i.e., follows some ideals. In addition, the life is history, i.e., all guiding ideals are the temporary ones. Orientation of our life is based on our understanding of the existence system – the way er understand the existence system, is the way we apprise the values, is the orientation of our life. Consequently. Martin Heidegger reasonably regards that “understanding of being” is the fundamental characteristic of individual, as understanding of essence of being always changes and is understood in a new way, as long as individual always orients and “builds” his life, named by the philosopher as exsistenz. Only individual is determined by exsistenz or certain understanding of being. Individual is eternal being – this means that it is the only creature in which the being is open. Therefore, analysis of the individual’s internal structure, individual’s being or exsistenz must elucidate the access to being. Individual’s being can be described not by the categories but rather by existentials. Existentials are the characteristic of the individual’s being. They include:
care, solitude, fear, dread, man’s existence etc. The types of being in the world of eternal existence: participation in something, making something, processing or caring about something, use of something, abandoning or losing, initiation, realization, judging, discussing, assessing, determining…